She has said that her design "almost seemed too simple, too little." 's Drug Use in Vietnam SoaredWith Their Commanders' Help, Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall in Washington DC. Not only was Lin not a trained architect, she didnt even have a bachelors degree in architecture at the time. The distance between the two allows them to interact while minimizing the effect of addition on Lin's design. Battle of the Coral Sea "Vietnam Veterans Memorial." She also got some help from architect/artist Paul Stevenson Oles. Maya Ying Lin's statement about her design. The names of the first men killed (in 1959) start at the highest point of the wall, on the right arm, and continue toward the shorter end. Is Jim Dines shovel a work of art? One nurse sits upon sandbags, holding the wounded man while another searches the sky for helpperhaps a helicopter airlift. , war. Lin learned about the compromise not from the veterans, and not even from Cooper-Lecky, a firm she had chosen over the veterans' objections. Negative reactions to Maya Lin's design create controversy; an agreement was reached with the commission of Frederick Hart (who won in the original design competition) to produce a figurative bronze sculpture in the heroic. A committed environmentalist, she is working on her last memorial, What is Missing?; a cross-platform, global memorial to the planet, located in select scientific institutions, online as a website, and a book, calling attention to the crisis surrounding biodiversity and habitat loss. Lin studied architecture and sculpture at Yale University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1981. Unveiled on Veterans Day, November 11, 1984, [1] on the National Mall, it is part of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial [2] commemorating the Vietnam War. Today when we look at Maya Lin's sketches of abstract forms, comparing her vision with what became the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall, her intention seems clear. "It would help veterans heal. produced a lot anxiety on the part of people who were trying to recruit those kids to be in an all-volunteer military.". It became a sacred place of healing and reverence as she intended. That pole carries the insignia of the five branches of the Armed Forces. The guidelines for the design of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial specified that the monument not be political. liberate Paris. Though she majored in architecture, Lin was far from a professional architect. To communicate a vision, the successful architect often will use both writing and sketching, because sometimes a picture is not worth a thousand words. It began as a veterans memorial. . Even though Maya Lin faces a lot of controversies while she was just working with her artwork, she was never get affected and stop their because after all seeing that the veterans and the families that are happy are also the ones that are giving joy on her. Why were people angry about the Vietnam War memorial? by Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker. Craven, Jackie. Craven, Jackie. The class adopted the Vietnam Memorial competition for their final class projects. Brought to a sharp awareness of such a loss, it is up to each individual to resolve or come to terms with this loss. Once banned at most ski resorts, Americans have made snowboarding the nation's fastest growing winter sport. C. reconstitution Vietnam Veterans Memorial As a senior at Yale University, Lin entered a nationwide competition sponsored by the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, and her design was selected from the more than 1,400 submissions that were received. Which branch of philosophy studies the creative process in the arts and the role of art in society? Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. It's like going into a cathedral," he said. Sign up for The Top of the World, delivered to your inbox every weekday morning. How a country chooses to remember is a clear indication of its values. But she did enter, and, from 1,421 submissions, the committee chose Lin's design. Why was Maya Lin's Vietnam War Memorial initially controversial? Which of the following is true about Isadora Duncan? He calls the memorial "a catalyst that allows a veteran to see, touch, remember, deal with and master a loss he would rather have avoided, or had difficulty expressing." The experiment looked at 62 Vietnam War combat veterans diagnosed with PTSD, 32 of whom took part in an annual trip to the memorial sponsored by a veterans center. Like the war itself, the monument proved controversial. People felt the site should host a monument to the Revolutionary War instead. As the owner of her own New York City architectural studio, she designs a wide variety of structures from houses to museums to chapels. She knew that she needed words to explain her abstractions. I just wanted to be honest with people, Lin toldThe Washington Post. Lin deliberately wanted to make an abstract, apolitical monument that drew attention to individual sacrifice. Lin vehemently disagreed and accused Hyde of drawing mustaches on other peoples portraits.. 's Drug Use in Vietnam SoaredWith Their Commanders' Help, How the Vietnam War Ratcheted Up Under 5 US Presidents, Asian American and Pacific Islander History. Vietnam Veterans Memorial can be found in the nation's capital, Washington, D.C., on a two-acre plot of ground. The jury, which judged the entries blind, agreed. The Washington Post/Getty Images. Its detractors perceived it as "a monument to defeat, one that spoke more directly to a nation's guilt than to the honor of the war dead and the veterans," describing it as the "black gash of shame," the "degrading ditch," and a "wailing wall for draft dodgers and New Lefters of the future." 4 Responding to its lack of From the Vietnam Memorial which she designed as an undergraduate student at Yale, to The Civil Rights Memorial in Alabama, and the Womens Table at Yale make our history part of the landscape. Those memories were fresh in the mind of the daughter of Chinese immigrants senior year when, as part of an assignment in her funereal architecture seminar, she designed a walled monument to veterans of the Vietnam War that was etched with the names of those who gave their lives. Those declared dead are marked by a diamond; those MIA are marked by a cross. "These men and women who were reviled and stigmatized are joined with the two greatest presidents in our history," she says. Does good design nullify the naysayers? Which of the following is pigment bound by egg yolk? The memorial is free for visitors and is open and available to the public 24 . (A statue dedicated to the women who served in the Vietnam War was also added to the site in 1993. The area should remain as a park, for all to enjoy., Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund | 3033 Wilson Blvd, Suite 300 | Arlington VA 22201 | 202.393.0090 The Vietnam War was a wrenching event in American history, however, and Lin's architecture was able to tap into a deep well of emotion. . To mix the media of other art forms with the artist's own. What distinguishes the artist from other humanists (e.g., philosopher, historian, theologian, etc.)? "The description was critical to understanding the design," she said, "since the memorial worked more on an emotional level than a formal level." And then, after all of the battles and compromises, the design is given to the built environment. Why was Lin Vietnam Veterans Memorial initially controversial? Allies invade They kept Lins design and added a sculpture that had won third place in the design competition, Frederick Elliot Harts Three Soldiers, nearby. READ MORE: Why Were Vietnam War Vets Treated Poorly When They Returned? Opening ceremonies took place on November 13, 1982. The purity, vividness, or intensity of a hue refers to its. They serve as testaments to lives lost, as repositories of grief, and to facilitate processes of mourning. 1 The emotional response has transcended Vietnam, and thats the bonus that no one could have anticipated, certainly not Maya Lin. Battle of Guadalcanal People felt the site should host a monument to the Revolutionary War instead. Yeh imagines Maya as a headstrong idealist, committed above all to the purity of her design. The origins of which of the following are traced to the early seventeenth century, when dancers performed interludes between scenes of an opera? Sculpture, more than painting, appeals to. There is a Vietnam Women's Memorial near the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall. They launched a campaign to change the wall to a white color and add an eight-foot-high sculpture of soldiers to the site. READ MORE: How the Vietnam War Ratcheted Up Under 5 US Presidents. answer choices People felt that it should have been more self-expressive on Lin's part. To her latest, What is Missing? 20242, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. Could new guidelines for the design of memorials include multiple opinions, or is that a minefield, too? Some saw it as an anti-war statement; others wondered why an Asian-American should be the designer. Its not just for veterans. OD When Maya (Angel Lin) shares her proposed memorial with committee members, she describes it as a wound cut into the meadow between the two monuments, one thats intended to inspire reflection a fraught idea in those days, given that the subject of contemplation is the Vietnam War. The Maya Lin Vietnam Memorial was controversial firstly because some people did not want a. Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Winning only two bronze medals, the 199819981998 Olympics was a disappointment for the U.S. snowboarders. "We, of course, are saddened indeed by the [tragic] events in Indochina," 132309212219 Architecture of the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE Building in NYC, Eero Saarinen Portfolio of Selected Works, The Architecture of Jrn Utzon - Selected Works, Doctor of Arts, University of Albany, SUNY, M.S., Literacy Education, University of Albany, SUNY, B.A., English, Virginia Commonwealth University. Veterans needed this, and so did the nation. Maya Lin was practically a kid when her design was selected to become the Vietnam Veterans Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, DC. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. If his remains are identified, a diamond is superimposed over the cross. Maya Lin. Its mirror-like surface reflects the images of the surrounding trees, lawns and monuments. The main structure is an angled wall of black marble, built beneath ground level and inscribed with the names of Americans who died in the Vietnam War, a conflict that divided the country. In another grove of trees sits the Vietnam Women's Memorial, another figurative sculpture depicting three nurses and one wounded soldier. (Its Mayas mother, played by a wonderfully flinty Rachel Lu, whose back story illustrates the idea that a memorial ought to feel inclusive, recalling her sisters Mayas aunts design for a shrine to Communist China.). All Rights Reserved. B. reconstruction ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/vietnam-veterans-memorial-winner-178136. Rewrite the four sentences that contain errors, correcting them. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial The controversy about the wall reflected America's feelings at that time regarding our involvement in Vietnam. "Construction of the controversial Vietnam Veterans Memorial officially began March 26 when 120 veterans and dignitaries each turned a shovelful of dirt on Washington's Mall." 6/17/1982. The artist, Glenna Goodacre, has stated that in this vignette, the young man is saved by the actions of these womenshe wanted this artwork "to be a monument for the living." The director Jeff Lius graceful staging, for the Pan Asian Repertory Theater, reflects Yehs focus on the rich potential of quietly expressive architecture. Nov 7, 2019. Maya Lin, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 1981-82. Why does the president say that atomic power and all its potential for massive destruction is a forceful influence toward the maintenance of world pe That Mayas argument for her blueprint is conceptual instead of personal can make her seem as if shes no more than the sum of her artistic principles, and less sympathetic than the colonel in making her case. . It's the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and since 1982, it has commemorated military personnel who died or were declared missing in action during their Vietnam War service. The placement of the statue was NOT part of Lin's design, yet vocal groups demanded the more conventional monument. Maya Lin, Vietnam Veterans Memorial. OB. France at To achieve this effect she chose polished black granite for the walls. No one wanted the war to happen in the first place, so having a memorial was a constant reminder of the war no one wanted. By eliminating that, she achieved apoliticality. In 2010, a study even found that visiting the wall multiple times can help Vietnam veterans better cope with post-traumatic stress. Courtesy of Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund. Japanese aircraft carriers and prevented Japan from taking control of islands Over Lins objection, the federal Commission of Fine Arts bowed to political pressure and approved the addition to the memorial of a 50-foot-high flagpole on which to fly the Stars and Stripes and an eight-foot-high statue of three soldiers sculpted by Frederick Hart, who called Lins design nihilistic. The commission, however, mandated that they not be placed directly adjacent to the wall in order to preserve Lins design intent as much as possible. Three women attend to a wounded soldier in a bronze structure, reflecting the unity required during the conflict. The memorial wall dedication on November 11, 1982, was accompanied by a 56-hour reading at Washington National Cathedral of all the engraved names of the dead. Since all submissions were anonymous, the eight-member jury made its selection based solely on the quality of the designs. While U.S Congress had allocated three acres on the National Mall for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, funding for the project came from the private sector, not the government. Maya Lin won a design competitionand sparked a national controversy. (Meanwhile, Lin only got a B on her assignment; she ended up beating out her professor in the competition.) OD. The mission of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund (VVMF) is to honor and preserve the legacy of service and educate all generations about the impact of the Vietnam War. D) all of the above < is right, Block 5 Didactic Test Review (Modules 4-6), Environment Bio, Part 2 Study Guide -Dani and, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Filosofie: het goede leven en de vrije markt. The names are inscribed in the chronological order of their dates of casualty, showing the war as a series of individual human sacrifices and giving each name a special place in history. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. But even without the domino-theme, Lins wall fueled bitter opposition from some veterans and from politicians before and during its construction, which cost $8.4m and was paid for through private funding. Some in the military saw the somber tone of the memorial as anti-war. On the contrary. . Why Were Vietnam War Vets Treated Poorly When They Returned? A structure in which the melody is stated, then repeated with the first statement being played as background, as in "Row, Row, Row Your Boat," is a. Duchamp's art differed from other Dadaists in its, To shock with expressions of outrageous nonsense. En espaol. The memorial is open to the public 24 hours a day, seven days a week. But the idea of expunging entirely the history of the American Civil War and casting the cloak of shame on all things Confederate, I think, is going too far. The 199819981998 Winter Olympics included a sport that no previous Olympics had included. Maya Lin conceived her design as creating a park within a park a quiet protected place unto itself, yet harmonious with the overall plan of Constitution Gardens. Maya Lin Vietnam Memorial is one of the beautiful places that consist and is made up of black granite wall carved, in this place you can found the carved names of 58,272 Americans who died because of the tragic escapade that happened in Southeast Asia. Currently she is working on the redesign of the Neilson Library at Smith College. DC Send any friend a story As a subscriber, you . The positioning of things in the environment that promotes liberty of movement is known as, A 14-line poem with fixed rhyming patterns is a/an, A comparison between two thingsmade by the poet to help the participant perceive new aspects of one or both of themis called. The military dog tags, flowers, war medals, photographs, and even favorite toys left behind aid the healing process. "The veterans were asking me, 'What do you think people are going to do when they first come here?'" Lin recalls. Which of the following is true about Swan Lake? "The drawings were in soft pastels, very mysterious, very painterly, and not at all typical of architectural drawings.". The Architect, Sculptor, and Artist. But the memorial might not exist in the form we see today if it weren't for the support of architects who defended the young architect's controversial design. Which of the following is true about Bill Viola's work? Maya Lin was made by Freida Lee Mock in 1995 the architect who designed the well known Vietnam Veterans Memorial that is located in Washington D.C. Maya became well known because of his great and stunning designs that made her won the design competition in Vietnam. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Tuskegee Airman Clarence D. Lester Broke Barriers, Biography: You Need to Know: Rick Thornton. Many people also blamed the soldier for the war, so a veteran built monument didn't sit so easy. Businessman H. Ross Perot, who had pledged $160,000 to help run the competition, called it a trench and withdrew his support. People with friends or relatives who fought in the war search for their names and rub impressions of them onto paper. Youve written about the idea that multiple parties could be represented in monuments. Maya Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial, which opened 40 years ago this month, changed everything and nothing about how we understand memorials. And while she had little personal connection to Vietnam, she did experience the cascading effects of the war: During the 1970s, the conflict indelibly impacted American life and popular culture. Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial was initially controversial because 1) it commemorated an unpopular war. Why was the Vietnam Way Memorial so controversial? Cooper Lecky helped Lin battle design modifications and materials. "Vietnam Veterans Memorial." A Space of Loss: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial On November 11, 1982, 10 years after the end of the Vietnam War which tore the United States apart, the VVM or Vietnam Veterans Memorial was completed. Which of the following moves abruptly from one shot to the next, with no preparation and often with a shock? Maya Lin: Topologies, a monograph spanning the past 30 years of her career was first released in Fall 2015 by Skira Rizzoli and is in its second printing. Critics tried to fix Maya Lins design with an American flag and other statues. Some people did not actually like the design of Lin, some say that it is just very simple, and some of them got also offended because Lin was a Chinese American student and they just cant accept that she became the architect of the American memorial of Asian War. The committee who chose her design was hesitant and dubious. D. withdrew troops from the Philippines. Her work asks the viewer to reconsider nature and the environment at a time when it is crucial to do so. SUBMIT, After World War II, many countries in Africa and Asia gained independence, a Subscribe to The Art Newspapers digital newsletter for your daily digest of essential news, views and analysis from the international art world delivered directly to your inbox. Erin Blakemore is an award-winning journalist who lives and works in Boulder, Colorado. In November of 1982, a processional of thousands of Vietnam veterans marched to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial for its dedication in Washington, D.C. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. More than 300,000 Americans were wounded during the war. The memorial is located between the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial in what is known as Constitution Gardens, adjacent to the National Mall. In 2009 she was awarded the National Medal of Arts, the nations highest honor for artistic excellence, and in 2016 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, by President Barack Obama, the Nations highest Civilian Honor. These names, seemingly infinite in number, convey the sense of overwhelming numbers, while unifying these individuals into a whole. The YM-YWCA was a student religious organization Why was Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial initially controversial? It is considered as the greatest memorial of all, the most beautiful and most powerful. That memorial is now for all wars, not just the Vietnam War. The sloped white panels of Sheryl Lius set suggest both a venerated graveyard and a row of blank canvases, and serve as a backdrop for evocative projections by Gregory Casparian and lighting by Victor En Yu Tan. The names of the eight women military women lost in the war are inscribed on the wall, and there are eight trees in the sculpture's grove. C. Allied forces break through German lines at Saint-L; Allies are People felt that it should have been more self-expressive on Lin's part. https://www.thoughtco.com/vietnam-veterans-memorial-winner-178136 (accessed March 5, 2023). The central element of Lin's memorial is the shiny black granite wall in a wide V shape, with one "arm" directed toward the Lincoln Memorial and the other toward the Washington Monument. I didnt want to make something that said Theyve gone away for a while. I wanted something that would just simply say They can never come back. It ultimately chose entry number 1026, which it found to be an eloquent place where the simple meeting of earth, sky and remembered names contains messages for all.. Complete video at: http://fora.tv/2008/10/24/Maya_Lin_on_Universal_Loss_and_Vietnam_Veterans_MemorialArtist Maya Lin discusses the meaning behind her once-co. This is no doubt why interviews and commentaries have strained to make Arad's memorial the metaphorical equivalent of Maya Lin's similarly minimalist Memorial to the Vietnam Veterans in Washington. which is focused on the environment. Its the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and since 1982, it has commemorated military personnel who died or were declared missing in action during their Vietnam War service. Groundbreaking for the controversial design eventually took place on March 26, 1982. Video: The monument's location, stretching between the Lincoln and Washington monuments, adds to its air of respect, says journalist Laura Palmer, who was a reporter in Saigon in the early 1970s. But while the colonels side of their conflict is rooted in trauma and memory, Mayas is purely theoretical. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/vietnam-veterans-memorial-winner-178136. How Maya Ying Lin's design was chosen for The Wall. She is still best known, however, for that memorial design that earned her a B at Yale. Twenty-one-year-old Steven A. Wowwk arrived as an infantryman in the Army's First Cavalry Division in Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam in early January 1969 to fight in an escalating and . Simple designs are often the most difficult to present and realize. To win the halfpipe, spectacular moves had to be made by competitors traveling through a chute of snow. Vietnam veterans memorial controversy.Maya Lin Maya Lin won a design competitionand sparked a national controversy. Arad's 9/11 Memorial is more than a metaphor or a monument. Its list of soldiers lost in the war, more. Not even three years after the memorial opened, the New York Times reported it was something of a surprise is how quickly America has overcome the divisions caused by the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.. Vietnam veteran Jan Scruggs, the individual to first pitch the idea of a memorial, used $2,800 of his own money to begin the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund in 1979, according to History. Running time: 1 hour 35 minutes. She saw how happy the veterans are after they have saw the artwork that she made, some of the veterans evoke their tears and they have reminisced all the experiences that they have been through. Below, a slideshow from the memorial. On November 11, 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial (VVM) was completed, ten years after the end of the bitter and divisive Vietnam War that tore the United States apart. Maya Lin, Vietnam Veterans Memorial Robert Venturi, House in New Castle County, Delaware Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Bilbao Zaha Hadid, MAXXI National Museum of XXI Century Arts. There were 1421 submissions. Baudelaire thought photography was "art's most mortal enemy" because, Photography could record only visual records, not something of a man's soul. ".for those who have died." Why was Maya Lin's Vietnam War Memorial initially controversial? It has with time, but not during the art war that happened within those five years. These names continue on this wall appearing to recede into the earth at the walls end. But after Maya Lin had won with the contest she also became the center of some controversy. Thus this memorial is for those who have died, and for us to remember them. Maya Lin was made by Freida Lee Mock in 1995 the architect who designed the well known Vietnam Veterans Memorial that is located in Washington D.C. Maya became well known because of his great and stunning designs that made her won the design competition in Vietnam. Although 40 years have passed since the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was constructed, its founder, Jan Scruggs, 72, continues to visit the site every week and says that he has frequented it thousands of times. Maya Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial has been so successful that one almost forgets the ugly storms of racism and misogyny with which opponents of the design fought the young architect. However, the initial hostility has faded, and the monument has since become a near-universally treasured piece of public sculpture. During it, one could see death, corruption, and war crimes on the evening news even as presidents and Bonanza peddled a vision of a just and successful nation. Image courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, digital file from original. The 1981 competition was anonymous and presented on poster board back then. In the midst of the heated debate, then AIA President Robert M. Lawrence argued that Maya Lin's memorial had the power to heal the divided nation. Should memorials be updated? At the age of just 21 and while she was still finishing her undergraduate degree at Yale, Maya Lin (born October 5, 1959) won the design competition for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington . The central element of Lin's memorial is the shiny black granite wall in a wide V shape, with one "arm" directed toward the Lincoln Memorial and the other toward the Washington Monument. Directories are placed near the wall for visitors to look up names. Approaching the memorial, the ground slopes gently downward and the low walls emerging on either side, growing out of the earth, extend and converge at a point below and ahead. The Taliban silenced him. EIN: 52-1149668, Copyright 2023 The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, Javascript must be enabled for the correct page display, Designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. To achieve this effect she chose polished black granite for the walls. They are absolutely remarkable to go through in the Library of Congress. Lin has said that it took longer to write this statement than to draw the sketches. And every item that is left behind at the Wall is saved at the National Parks' Museum Resource Center in Maryland. Reston discussed the unexpected success of the wall, and the ongoing controversies over monuments in the US, in an interview with The Art Newspaper. The competition garnered more than 1,400 submissions, so many that an Air Force hangar was called into service to display all the entries for the judging. Ask a ranger to find a name on the wall and learn more about the people who served our country. It would exist inside a park, as inextricable from the landscape as it was from the minds of Americans. Lin ultimately schooled her professor, who also entered the national design competition for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial and lost to his student. Which of the following is a characteristic of social dance? "I think it is actually a miracle that the piece ever got built," Lin has said. The bronze statues were created by artist Frederick Hart, who interviewed dozens of veterans and watched film footage and documentaries from the war so that he could execute an artwork that "bespeaks the bonds of love and sacrifice that is the nature of men at war." victorious at the Battle of the Bulge. The basic medium of literature is. the memorial's design was initially met with controversy. Compare Augustus of Prima Porta and Self-Portrait with Jewish Identity Card. Yet, this seemingly god-given shrine wears political feet of clay, and behind it lies a fierce controversy that re-opened the wounds of the war the memorial was designed to heal. Opponents called it a monument to shame and defeat.
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