Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. What is federalism? Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. /F7 24 0 R we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice /Type /XObject CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Power Sharing Formula The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Email Address. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. >> Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. /Contents 4 0 R Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. . Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. /Font << Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. The states were later increased to 30 states. MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. However, that is not so in a federal government system. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. << Best information base for latest information both national and international. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. /F5 18 0 R In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting .
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